PDF Ebook Banker To The Poor: Micro-Lending and the Battle Against World Poverty, by Muhammad Yunus

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Banker To The Poor: Micro-Lending and the Battle Against World Poverty, by Muhammad Yunus

PDF Ebook Banker To The Poor: Micro-Lending and the Battle Against World Poverty, by Muhammad Yunus

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Review

"By giving poor people the power to help themselves, Dr. Yunus has offered them something far more valuable than a plate of food - security in its most fundamental form."―President Jimmy Carter"[Yunus's] ideas have already had a great impact on the Third World, and ... hearing his appeal for a 'poverty-free world' from the source itself can be as stirring as that all-American myth of bootstrap success."―Washington Post"I only wish every nation shared Dr. Yunus's and the Grameen Bank's appreciation of the vital role that women play in the economic, social, and political life of our societies."―Hillary Clinton"Muhammad Yunus is a practical visionary who has improved the lives of millions of people in his native Bangladesh and elsewhere in the world. Banker to the Poor [is] well-reasoned yet passionate."―Los Angeles Times"A fascinating and compelling account by someone who decided to make a difference, and did."―CHOICE

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About the Author

Muhammad Yunus was born in Bangladesh and earned his Ph.D. in economics in the United States at Vanderbilt University, where he was deeply influenced by the civil rights movement. He is the author of Creating a World Without Poverty, Building Social Business, and A World of Three Zeros. The recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, the Congressional Gold Medal, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom, he still lives in Bangladesh, and travels widely around the world on behalf of Grameen and the concept of micro-credit.

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Product details

Paperback: 273 pages

Publisher: PublicAffairs; Later Printing edition (January 8, 2008)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 1586481983

ISBN-13: 978-1586481988

Product Dimensions:

5.5 x 1 x 8.4 inches

Shipping Weight: 1 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

4.6 out of 5 stars

181 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#117,733 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

This book tells the story of Muhammad Yunus' efforts in his fight against poverty through Micro-Lending: "My repeated trips to the villages around the Chittagong University campus led me to discoveries that were essential to establishing the Grameen Bank. The poor taught me an entirely new economics. I learned about the problems that they face from their own perspective. I tried a great number of things. Some worked. Others did not. One that worked well was to offer people tiny loans for self-employment. These loans provided a starting point for cottage industries and other income-generating activities that used the skills the borrowers already had. I never imagined that my micro-lending program would be the basis for a nationwide "bank for the poor" serving 2.5 million people or that it would be adapted in more than one hundred countries spanning five continents. I was only trying to relieve my guilt and satisfy my desire to be useful to a few starving human beings. But it did not stop with a few people. Those who borrowed and survived would not let it. And after a while, neither would I."What truly sets this book and its underlying story apart, is the fact that it defines a new paradigm in social economics. It redefines what poverty is, its true causes and proposes a practical and pragmatic to help eradicate it. Muhammad is as successful with his initiative, as he is with sharing the underlying stories first-hand and on the ground to make his readers truly understand the problem he is tackling - that of poverty and its vicious cycle. The main premise of the book is that credit - which is traditionally not available through commercial banks for this sector - is what is needed to break out of the poverty cycle. The author did not only identify the problem but built a foundation to offer micro-lending (Grameen Bank). This has served as a model to be replicated all over the world, and has created a true global movement.A very enlightening book about an aspect of economics that is often forgotten and left behind. A must read!Below are excerpts from the book that I found particularly insightful:1- "Analyses of the causes of poverty focus largely on why some countries are poor rather than on why certain segments of the population live below the poverty line. Socially conscious economists stress the absence of "entitlements" of the poor. What I did not know yet about hunger, but would find out over the next twenty-two years, was that brilliant theorists of economics do not find it worthwhile to spend time discussing issues of poverty and hunger. They believe that these will be resolved when general economic prosperity increases. These economists spend all their talents detailing the processes of development and prosperity, but rarely reflect on the origin and development of poverty and hunger. As a result, poverty continues."2- "Like navigation markings in unknown waters, definitions of poverty need to be distinctive and unambiguous. A definition that is not precise is as bad as no definition at all."3- "They were poor because the financial institutions in the country did not help them widen their economic base. No formal financial structure was available to cater to the credit needs of the poor. This credit market, by default of the formal institutions, had been taken over by the local moneylenders. It was an efficient vehicle; it created a heavy rush of one-way traffic on the road to poverty."4- "Indeed, more than 98 percent of our loans are repaid. The poor know that this credit is their only opportunity to break out of poverty. They do not have any cushion to fall back on. If they fall afoul of this one loan, they will have lost their one and only chance to get out of the rut."5- "Today, at every Grameen branch, our members take enormous pride in reciting the Sixteen Decisions. They are as follows: 1) We shall follow and advance the four principles of the Grameen Bank - discipline, unity, courage, and hard work - in all walks of our lives. 2) Prosperity we shall bring to our families. 3) We shall not live in a dilapidated house. We shall repair our houses and work toward constructing new houses at the earliest opportunity. 4) We shall grown vegetables all the year. We shall eat plenty of them and sell the surplus. 5) During the plantation seasons, we shall plant as may seedlings as possible. 6) We shall plan to keep our families small. We shall minimize our expenditures. We shall look after our health. 7) WE shall educate our children and ensure they they can earn to pay for their education. 8) We shall always keep our children and the environment clean. 9) We shall build and use pit latrines. 10) We shall drink water from tube wells. If they are not available, we shall boil water or use alum to purify it. 11) We shall not take any dowry to our sons' weddings; neither shall we give any dowry at our daughter's wedding. We shall keep the center free from the curse of dowry. We shall not practice child marriage. 12) We shall not commit any injustice, and we will oppose anyone who tries to do so. 13) We shall collectively undertake larger investments for higher incomes. 14) We shall always be ready to help each other. If anyone is in difficulty, we shall all help him or her. 15) If we come to know of any breach of discipline in any center, we shall all go there and help restore discipline. 16) We shall introduce physical exercises in all our centers. We shall take part in all social activities collectively."6- "Experts on poverty alleviation insist that training is absolutely vital for the poor to move up the economic ladder. But if you go our into the real world, you cannot miss seeing that the poor are poor not because they are untrained or illiterate but because they cannot retain the returns of their labor. They have no control over capital, and it is the ability to control capital that gives people the power to rise out of poverty. Profit is unashamedly biased toward capital. In their powerless state, the poor work for the benefit of someone who controls the productive assets. Why can they not control any capital? Because they do not inherit any capital or credit and nobody gives them access to it because they are not considered creditworthy."7- "In a world that trumpets the superiority of the market economy and free enterprise. aid money still goes to expand government spending often acting against the interests of the market economy...If aid is to have some impact on the lives of the destitute, it must be rerouted so that it reaches poor households more directly."8- "Worst of all, economists have failed to understand the social power of credit...In reality, credit creates economic power, which quickly translates into social power...If economists would only recognize the powerful socioeconomic implications of credit as a human right."9- "Micro-credit is not a mircle cure that can eliminate poverty in one fell swoop. But it can end poverty for many and reduce its severity for others. Combined with other innovative programs that unleash people's potential, micro-credit is an essential tool in our search for a poverty-free world."10- "I am proposing two changes to this basic feature of capitalism. The first change relates to this overblown image of a capitalist entrepreneur. To me, an entrepreneur is not an especially gifted person. I rather take the reverse view. I believe that all human beings are potential entrepreneurs. Some of us get the opportunity to express this talent, but many of us never get the chance because we were made to imagine that an entrepreneur is someone enormously gifted and different from ourselves...The second change relates to how an entrepreneur makes investment decisions. Economic theory depicts the entrepreneur as a profit maximizer...As a result, the social dimension in the thinking of the entrepreneur has been completely bypassed...I propose that we replace the narrow profit-maximization principle with a generalized principle - and entrepreneur maximizes a bundle consisting of two components: ((a) profit and (b) social returns, subject to the condition that profit cannot be negative."11- "We believe that poverty does not belong in a civilized human society. It belongs in museums. Thus summit is about creating a process, which will send poverty to the museum."

Dr. Yunus was a brilliant student. One of the top 100 or top 200 in the entire country during his high school national exams. When he came to the USA to study Economics he was warned of a couple of really difficult professors in what were supposed to be killer courses in grad school. Turns out he found those killer courses easy and enjoyable. Then he goes on to win the Nobel Prize.There are memorable tidbits in this book about his personal life that were touching and heart warming - his falling in love with the white girl and marrying her, his struggles with his mother's mental illness, his not being able to study unless the TV was on, his political activism, his sincere efforts to alleviate penury using practical methods rather than overly-theoretical economic models. The only problem with his micro-credit scheme was that he charged usury for it and he had an interesting way of claiming that it wasn't usury because the indigent borrowers became "shareholders" by virtue of their loans. But for all pragmatic purposes it was just lipstick on the pig.

Everyone should read this book. It really destroys our preconceptions of the poor and how we might help them rise out of poverty. It demonstrates the importance of heeding women's priorities that so often lead to a better life for children with a very small amount of financial support. Our beliefs about the role of lending institutions is seriously shaken.

The last twelve months have been very significant in terms of what can be termed as the financial meltdown and crisis of confidence in the global economy. However the defaults and bankruptcies of businesses and banks have been those run by the wealthy and the highly qualified professionals. On the other hand we have not seen any such crisis in institutions serving the poorest of the poor, where recovery rates for loans have exceeded 98 %. Bankers, go back to school, please. Better still, read this book written by Prof Yunus.Even after four decades of putting a man on the moon and bringing him safely back to earth, every day, 35,000 children world wide are dying due to hunger related causes. Humanity has successfully fought and eradicated apartheid, slavery and small pox from the face of this planet. However, poverty remains the greatest challenge confronting governments, societies and all of mankind.This book is a great step to understand one of the key strategies to send poverty to the museums in our lifetime. Prof Yunus's experiment and later large scale success in microcredit and the concept of social business are at the heart of this book.As a boy of eleven living in India in 1971, I clearly remember the events leading to the freedom struggle and the subsequent liberation of Bangladesh. Prof Yunus's journey from his return from a lucrative teaching job in USA, back to his homeland soon after its independence speaks volumes about his compassion for his fellow citizens, trapped in poverty.Every chapter in the book narrates Prof Yunus's journey step by step from the basic concept of microcredit starting with his own funds of $27 at the village Jobra, to where the great institution Grameen is today.Prof Yunus challenges the fundamental premise of banking and turns it on his head. Conventional banking looks for "collateral" for security of its loans, and hence only the rich have access to loans. The poorest of the poor are completely excluded from conventional banking.Banking needs to have a human face. Gender inequality is one of the key factors that lead to social disparities and the vicious cycle of poverty. Prof Yunus's strategy to target the poorest women even in a very conservative society like Bangladesh proves that we need a totally different approach to address poverty.The myth that poor will not repay the loans has been fully exposed. (On the other hand we feel shy to talk of mighty corporations filing for chapter 11 and heave a sigh of relief on hearing of massive bailout plans).The conventional thinking that the poor lack skills, and hence need to be trained, is now a joke. Most of Grameen's beneficiaries are illiterate, but as human beings, they do not lack creativity, ingenuity and above all integrity to put the smallest amounts of credit to good use.Poverty is not a curse of the poor countries alone. The challenge exists in developed countries, and the solutions we need are remarkably similar.Bureaucracies are one of the greatest impediments to progress, as demonstrated clearly in this book. However Prof Yunus's courage and persistence to fight it out is a great source of inspiration. I would recommend this book as a compulsory reading in all institutions that train bureaucrats in developing countries.Prof Yunus openly confronts multilateral institutions, particularly the World Bank. These ivory tower institutions employ highly paid executives who have seen poverty only in text books, and work from posh offices in developed countries, funding and dictating programs aimed at poverty alleviation. I personally do not suspect their good intentions, but fully agree wit Prof Yunus's contention that there is a better way of doing it.Every word of this book is filled with a great sense of commitment, an inner passion for fighting poverty, and above all the will to succeed against all odds in this holy war, in the true sense of our responsibility to mankind and to God.My FIVE STAR rating to this book on Amazon.com, since the system does not allow anything more.I sincerely stand in salute to the great contribution to humanity from this Nobel Laureate of Peace.

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